"However, as concerns real objects, your question is
legitimate. Here we do need to make sure that the gates don’t open and
let Popeye, unicorns, and square circles enter our farms and valleys.
And we do this by saying that a system is a real object when it has
intrinsic qualities that cannot be undermined or overmined.
If all the qualities of the morning star and the evening star turn
out to be nothing more than qualities of Venus, then we have
successfully undermined these two, and neither is a real object. They
are relational phantasms generated by our own interactions with Venus.
If all the qualities of witches turn out to be nothing more than
qualities of various disconnected phenomena that people have directly
experienced (dead babies in the village, drops of blood near the well, a
scarlet fever epidemic) then the supposed object “witch” has been
successfully overmined, and the witch is not a real object. Note that
Hume and his heirs treat all objects as if they were nothing
but witches, breaking them up into symptoms, or into “bundles of
qualities.” Despite his jovial demeanor, Hume is a cruel judge,
condemning all real objects to be burned at the stake.
But the best we can do is build certain fallible methods to determine
what can and cannot be undermined or overmined. That’s because, by
definition, there is no direct access to real objects. Real objects are
incommensurable with our knowledge, untranslatable into any relational
access of any sort, cognitive or otherwise. Objects can only be known
indirectly. And this is not just the fate of humans— it’s the fate of
everything. Fire burns cotton stupidly, paying no heed to its color,
smell, or beautiful purity and softness. Fire interacts with the cotton
only insofar as it is flammable. And the same holds for all relations."
Graham Harman later on goes into the limitations of imagination of the left. I think these are intimately tied together.
http://skepoet.wordpress.com/2012/06/01/marginalia-on-radical-thinking-an-interview-with-graham-harman/
So I've been thinking about this...and I might have botched what he
said. But I think there might be, somewhat of a gap between his
characterizations of "real objects," and in extension to his discussion
on the limitations of imagination from the left.
I
wonder, if the real objects he speaks about are limited to material
dimensions. He says that "a system is a real object when it has
intrinsic qualities that cannot be undermined or overmined." And he
gives an example of the morning and evening star as qualities of Venus
for something being undermined; and the example of witches being the
product of various disconnected phenomena as something being
"overmined." But I think this begs the question of what an "intrinsic
quality" is and thereby questioning his definition or criteria by which a
system becomes a "real object." We can argue that there is some
intrinsic quality to being human. People argue for the "soul" as if it
was something irreducible or something of an essence of a person. And
yet, as individuals we can't separate out our own systems that are
actively at work within us that gives us this holistic quality or
phenomena of a "soul" or "essence." But given the biological and
neurological data, we know that there are memory systems, inference
systems, emotional systems, perceptual systems, sensory-motor systems,
mechanisms of personality from genetic inheritance and so on that work
together within us to provide a sense of who we are and the interaction
of these systems with our environment, i.e. nature and nurture are
"intrinsically" intertwined, to give us identity. Would this entail that
one's essence is undermined by our biological and environmental
factors? If there is anything that is intrinsic or considered to be a
center of being human it is the genetic stuff we are given to begin with
that manifests itself from being triggered by the environment. In that
case, would the interaction itself count as something intrinsic thereby
making us "real"?
I think this becomes even more problematic when we go into cultural
systems: religion, ethics, etiquette, politics, economics, government
and so on. The law is real, with real implications. The economy is real also with real implications. But is law or economy itself as a
system a real object? Doesn't theories of gift-exchange and reciprocity
theory undermine what is intrinsic about economy? Or could theories
of exchange be what is intrinsic about economy? The reality of the rich
getting richer and the poor getting poorer is overmined by various
disconnected phenomena within the dynamics of power, wealth circulation,
tax breaks, and etc. etc. Does this mean that this part of the economic
system is not a real object? If it is not, then what is it that Occupy
is protesting against? We talk about Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy, and Marxism, as real things despite their ideological orientation. And
perhaps this is where the left, and the right, actually lack
imagination. The treatment of these ideas as real, non-malleable,
objects. I suppose we could treat their basic ideas that compose the
respective ideologies as the intrinsic quality of them. I would argue
that we need to be ready to throw away the lines and boundaries that
delineate these things as intrinsic ideas to their respective systems.
Imagination becomes stymied by limitation. The ideas of Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy, and Marxism, are not necessarily incompatible. And
just because we have a particular form of Capitalism conjoined with a
particular form of a Republic (Democracy + Oligarchy) does not mean that
that is the definitive form of Capitalism or political system. In other
words, just because we live in a system does not make it the defnition.
And just because Communism happened underneath the function of Stalin,
Lenin, and Mao does not make those the definitive outcomes of Communism
or Marxist ideologies. They in fact were not true to Marx as they massacred millions
of working class folk. The lessons of history should not be forgotten.
Nor should we be so afraid that we stay within the rigidity of the
current systems because we think the other one didn't "work."
The
contemporary task, in my view, is not only to critique the current
systems as well as the neutral ones, as Foucault suggested, (something
we see manifesting in Egypt - neutral institutions and habits/culture
of power reincarnating in various forms, although its full cycle is yet
to be seen) but also to abandon our emotional attachments to these terms
of ideology and redefine and blur the lines of them all. Get rid of Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy, and Marxism, and all the other
categorical labels. Play outside the box without limitation. This is
where, to an extent, a bit of naivete can be helpful. If one does not
know how and what is "supposed to be done" then one is not limited by
them either. The imagination of today, I think, should take up this
task. To reinvent the way the economy and government/politics function by accounting for the lessons of history.
In a way the real
informs what is not real, and conversely, what is not real informs the
real. It seems that not only does ontology need to be reconfigured,
reconsidered, and reappropriated in terms of what is intrinsically human
but also the ontology of relationships need to be reconfigured into the
broad range of things it touches on in terms of what is intrinsic to
economics, governance, and humanity's relationship to the environment.
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