Tuesday, November 22, 2016

Wang Yangming on the Unity of Knowing and Acting

"There have never been people who know but do not act. Those who "know" but do not act simply do not yet know.... Seeing a beautiful color is a case of knowing, while loving a beautiful color is a case of acting. As soon as one sees that beautiful color, one naturally loves it. It is not as if you first see it and only then, intentionally, you decide to love it.... The same is true when one says that someone knows filial piety or brotherly respect. That person must already have acted with filial piety or brotherly respect before one can say she knows them. One cannot say she knows filial piety or brotherly respect simply because she knows how to say something filial or brotherly" (Ivanhoe 2009 trans., p. 140-141).

Thoughts by Eric Schwitzgebel here
 

#NoDaPL

I've long held the view that if America (the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Central and South America) are to advance democracy on the continent, the oppression of the Indigineous people will have to be addressed first. Their voices included, their rights respected, and their relationship to the land preserved. I just received an email, via Moveon.org, from Judith LeBlanc at the Native Organizers Alliance:


Last night, the Morton County Sheriff Department again violated the human rights of those who are standing together in opposition to the Dakota Access Pipeline. Law enforcement agencies injured at least 150 peaceful water protectors by firing water cannons in freezing temperatures and by assaulting protectors with concussion grenades, tear gas, and rubber bullets.1

We must ensure that the human rights of everyone standing against the pipeline are protected.

Can you call the following agencies and demand that law enforcement stop violating the human rights of water protectors on Highway 1806 immediately?
North Dakota Governor Jack Dalrymple: 701-328-2200
Morton County Sheriff Department: 701-328-8118 and 701-667-3330
North Dakota National Guard: 701-333-2000
You can say, "I stand with the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and all water protectors opposed to the Dakota Access Pipeline. There is no room in a democracy to use water cannons, tear gas, or rubber bullets against peaceful, unarmed water protectors."
Please, let us know how your call went so we know how many calls we've made together.

We have just weeks until the company overseeing the North Dakota Access Pipeline, Energy Transfer Partners, plans to defy federal orders and begin drilling under the river.2 The White House must order the Army Corps of Engineers to deny the easement and stop this destruction, and the presence of the water protectors is more important than ever.

It is a difficult time for all of us, but people power, principled alliances, and prayer have brought us this far, and they can lead to protecting the river as we go into the next stages of threats to Mother Earth.

Please, call the following agencies now:
North Dakota Governor Jack Dalrymple: 701-328-2200
Morton County Sheriff Department: 701-328-8118 and 701-667-3330
North Dakota National Guard: 701-333-2000
You can say, "I stand with the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and all water protectors opposed to the Dakota Access Pipeline. There is no room in a democracy to use water cannons, tear gas, or rubber bullets against peaceful, unarmed water protectors."
Please, report your call and let us know what happened.
My heart is full from all the support from MoveOn members like you, groups across the country, and others all over the world. Thank you for standing in solidarity.
Together, we will stop the Dakota Access Pipeline.

With gratitude,
Judith LeBlanc, Native Organizers Alliance

Sources:
1. "Dakota Pipeline: Protesters Soaked With Water in Freezing Temperatures," NBC News, November 21, 2016
http://act.moveon.org/go/6815?t=4&akid=173478.34979214.OUwZUV

2. "Dakota pipeline operator to defy Obama and prepare for final phase of drilling," The Guardian, November 8, 2016
https://act.moveon.org/go/6816?t=6&akid=173478.34979214.OUwZUV



Political Pragmatism and Christian Sensibilities

There's a lot to be enraged about in the news these days. If you're not disturbed by what's happening around the world, you should be (unless you subscribe to a white supremacist/nationalist ideology then I suppose you'd be enthused). By the same token, if you're like me you will be encouraged and excited by the rising political and economic awareness of people and their demonstrations against corruption in government and their international networks with the shadow economy.

The recent rabble about 'fake news' has re-ignited an old debate I've been having with myself about online activism, confirmation bias, and social media - particularly facebook. At times, the endeavor seems futile. But in my more enthusiastic moments, the engagement is worthwhile, it's a good and morally responsible idea; who would dispute that sharing information about the country and the rest of the world is a bad idea?

And yet, there are concerns. One of them, apart from whether it is effective in changing minds (which the link above alludes to), is first getting the information out there. Recently, I was alerted by facebook that when a friend shares a post of mine - initially shared with friends - that post is only circulated to the friends you have in common (i.e. those who are part of the originally intended audience). This is a feature designed to protect one's privacy, which is a good thing when it comes to sharing personal stuff. But if the purpose of sharing a particular piece of news (article, report, or study, etc.) is to disseminate information, then the feature becomes limiting. Only when a post is shared to the 'public', and a friend uses the function to share with his/her friends or the public, will that information have the potential to spread into the news feed of friends that we do not have in common. If one of the aims of 'online activism' is to indeed spread information and cultivate awareness, then we should click the link, read/view, and repost or post the article in a public forum that can potentially be viewed by those outside our immediate networks.

The second, and perhaps more pressing, concern is the caution of how the news is manipulated or spun, what kind of information are we sharing, is it a full account or not (i.e. context) - which makes a lot of people hesitant to share a piece of information. That is, the danger of a certain kind of political pragmatism that is polarized by 1) separate agendas to manipulate the moral characters of the divided populace and 2) whether the truth-claim of the news is indeed true. The latter tends to operate primarily on a notion of 'appearance' as opposed to the fragile concept of 'truth' which enables the social engineering of the former to appeal to certain moral-somatic sensibilities. In the case of the U.S., I think, this appeals particularly to Christian caricatures of decency and social justice.

Journalism, for the most part, is selective. Most journalists report on the information made available to them. In other words, news agencies and journalists present 'positive information' that has been exposed for a general audience. What this means is that 'negative information' - the news and events that are not reported - is just as, if not more, interesting than what is reported. One of the ways, people can combat some of this is to read the news from multiple sources within a country and from around the world (it's surprising to see what appears in one part of the world and not in another), be critical of the content, "triangulation", and look for various spins and inconsistencies. But let's stick to 'positive information' and its portrayal.

With regard to the U.S., the conservative bias of Fox News is well-known (and of course there are news agencies with a liberal bias). Rupert Murdoch, owner of Fox News, has admitted to trying to shape the agenda. Much of this came out around 2008-09 with the Iraq War. At which point, the war on information was apparent. Almost a decade later, Stephen Bannon is now in full view of the public eye. Reading up on his strategy for media (here and here), and taking a careful look at Breitbart, I realized that my reactions (guilty of being swept in the emotional tides of politics and media) on facebook actually contributed to his aim. The recent hub-bub about Hamilton (Trump's demand for an apology and Pence taking the high road - both premised on a certain spin of the event [video is circulated] - highlighted the different ways it was covered: Breitbart v. Raw Story; the former appealing to 'decency' and the latter to 'social justice') and Dr. Alveda King's recent What-Would-Jesus-Do-defense of Jeff Sessions on Fox News were two cases in point.

The political pragmatism that I'm pointing out is of course about the way in which 'positive information' via media is engineered and manipulated for its efficacy and political utility to persuade and cultivate loyalty. People tend to be reactionary and are morally-charged with a strong sense of righteousness. It cuts across the political spectrum. Both conservatives and liberals are insulated by the vehicles in which information is received. Trump wants to execute a mass deportation scheme (2-3 million). Obama deported 40,000 a year (and from my experience, during the tail-end of Bush and throughout Obama's presidency, in dealing - for work - with the criminal justice system and mental health institutions, it is not difficult to build up a criminal record - especially if one is a poor immigrant or a person of color - and be deported or sent to a private prison). The Bush and Clinton administration exercised torture while the Obama administration simply killed. Both parties have consistently practiced military intervention around the world without telling the public. Both parties have been, and continue to be, horrible with respect to foreign policy and remain complicit in the common agenda of building and hoarding wealth. I don't expect Trump to be any different, although he is certainly poised to change the dynamics of international intervention and the strengthening of global right-wing nationalism.  If anything, Trump - based on his selections to join his team - will put the national and international system on steriods. And yet, the transgressions of the U.S. are not discussed and elections, as well as their post-election tenure, depend on how the moral character of the audience is addressed through the media (Hamilton, noted above, is just one example).  

One of the differences between the Republican and the Democratic party is their position with regard to national civil policy, both of which are rooted in the country's Christian history and landscape. This is where the division among the U.S. population tends to be predicated on two, broadly-construed, manifesting forms of Christianity in the public sphere: the preservation and reproduction of a particular conservative structure and brand of Christianity versus its liberal derivation in advancing the civil liberties of those who fall outside of that domain; Conservative Christian decency v. Liberal Christian social justice, both arguing with their respective understandings of Jesus and the gospels. This is not necessarily to present a mutually exclusive dichotomy nor is it to argue for their singularity in defining the polarizing camps of Christianity in the U.S. Both intersect with a myriad of additional values and the reality is much more accurate when construed along a spectrum. In the bigger picture, the failure of both parties to address the people is also, arguably, a failure of Christianity in addressing white nationalism and white supremacy.

The info-wars not only involve debates about 'truth' and 'appearance' but are also premised on a platform of political pragmatism to enforce one agenda or the other by appealing to different Christian sensibilities. Both carry moral implications and you really "can't be neutral on a moving train."


Wednesday, November 16, 2016

A reply to Alt-Right

So I went snooping around Breitbart. Apart from the right-wing spin on events, and news from liberal media sources, strategic placement of images, and faces from people of color, I searched alt-right and found this article, "An Establishment Conservative's Guide to Alt-Right", at the top of the search (right below is an article that says "How to destroy alt-right" and above the article is a Google ad that says: "You Are Not That Bigoted"). The article purports to be reporting on the Alt-Right movement but turns into a full-blown argument for it. The article is clever; starting with the criticism that alt-right is a white-supremacist movement, it takes the veiled stance of an unbiased reporter and, quite intelligently, describes the alt-right and what it stands for in an unassuming tone. This gives Breitbart a sense of credibility, feeding the curiosity of the reader and potential converts into the lull of agreeing with its white supremacist position. The article says that the alt-right are “natural conservatives” composed primarily of
“white, mostly male middle-American radicals, who are unapologetically embracing a new identity politics that prioritises the interests of their own demographic.”
It is their “natural” instinct, the article says. Hereditary intelligence contradicts egalitarianism, the article says. Let me pause real quick out of concern that I might be feeding into Breitbart's tactics by writing this. The former proposition is at best a half-truth and the latter simply erroneous. People care for their families. Love is undeniable. People also band together with similar interests – whether it is along the lines of ‘race’, religion, hobbies and interests, politics and ideology, chess, game of thrones, etc. – we develop ‘homophilial’ relations (I know, it’s a horrendous term). This also means that identity politics is not the be-all, end-all. There is an instinct to care for people who are not like us. The overwhelming response after devastating Tsunamis, the bucket challenge, adoption, anti-war efforts, etc. Compassion for those who are not like us is just as “instinctive” as it is to care for one’s own. Personally, I still think and care about my friends that I’ve made over the years despite our differences – racial, cultural, political, intellectual or otherwise – although I am certainly not the best at keeping in touch; I’ll try to be better at this. But I want people to know I appreciate the kindness and friendship that people of all colors and creeds have shown me and my family. My mom has stories for days; shout-out to the Mormons, Catholics, and "white people" in Utah (despite the microaggressions and implicit racism)

The article says that homogeneity is much more instinctive than diversity. But the wide acceptance of Christianity (as well as Islam and Buddhism) and their missionaries beg to differ. If my understanding of Korean history is correct, western medicine was first introduced into Korea during the 1880s by missionaries. The efficacy of this medicine piqued interest in Christianity. That‘s right, Science led to Religion! In Korean scholarship, science was connected to cosmology. After a long period of isolationism and scholarly debate, Korea opened its borders and welcomed diversity – although, to be sure, Korea today has its own problems with immigrants as well. I think Koreans are generally quite happy to share our culture as long as you engage it with respect. We are happy when you like our food, our music, our customs and our dress. Moreover, if homogeneity was more instinctive than diversity there would be a lot more inbreeding. Genetic diversity was critical for the survival of our species. Egalitarianism does not dismiss our differences. Every individual is unique in genetic composition, upbringing, and socio-cultural influences. Egalitarianism is not about biology but a system of equal treatment and equitable opportunities to flourish. The United States of America does not have this kind of system.

So back to the article. According to the author, alt-right is critical of establishment conservatives because they are quick to import cheap labor, i.e. immigration, and capitalist exploitation; they would demolish a cathedral to build a shopping mall. More importantly, the alt-right is concerned with the preservation of their “tribe” and their “culture”. Now let’s pause again and think about this. In my opinion, this is the antithesis of the decolonization and post-colonial argument. It stands very much in the pre-, and indeed pro-, colonial tradition; an unapologetic inverse of the Black Radical Tradition.

They want to legitimize their group as analogous to the Mexicans, African-Americans, or Muslims. But let me break it down real simple-like. There is no country called "White"; there is no culture called "White"; and there is certainly no religion called "White". In this sense, the “white tribe” is not analogous to Mexicans or Muslims. 'African-American', 'Asian-American', 'Latin-American', 'Arab-American', 'European-American', or any other hyphenated American are umbrella terms socially constructed, superficially designated markers for categorization and classification; they are instruments of division; instruments of flattening cultural nuance; and socially engineered pathways for prejudice, discrimination and violence. The people included under these terms are far from homogenous and at best: "family resemblances". All this goes without even touching on socialization, embodiment, or epigenetics. The purported “white culture” is not singular. It comes from an array of countries from Europe and the creativity that emerged in the US.

The notion of culture is not a static reified thing but the product of people subject to social, political, and economic influences and various structures of power and care within historically specific discursive practices. It is fluid and constantly evolving. Cowboys, sandwiches, burgers, the rodeo, state fairs, music, and art are all contingent and emergent products of these dynamics. There is nothing wrong with any of these but please be aware that the history of oppression and colonialism is still a wound that has not healed despite how long it has been. “Get over it” does not work until the resonating oppressive structures and institutions constructed during the ugly periods of US history that continue to sustain poverty are eradicated. Nobody is telling poor white folks to “get over it”. We are not consistently taking shits in your churches, or actively making fun of your people, and we are certainly not the ones putting barriers in your path to flourish and raise your families.

I’m not going to go into this article any further but there is plenty for scholars, academic or otherwise, to go into. And I am certainly subject to correction. There are people much more intelligent and knowledgeable than I am about these things. I've learned a great deal from people who are classified as “white”. In fact, all my mentors throughout my higher education have been “white” – two Americans, a German, a Welshman, and an Englishman. I am indebted to them and appreciate the attention and care they have given me, despite my arrogance and persistent intrusion into their office hours. They have opened new avenues of thought, windows of history, and, without a doubt, have humbled me tremendously. I am truly thankful to them as well as all my teachers from elementary (Beacon Heights and Bennion ELP), junior high (Hillside), and high school (shoutout to Mr Gordon Moore - I'm still doing pottery - and the basketball team at Highland; still proud that you took State senior year even if it was without me... fuckers), and all my “white” friends and peers who have introduced me to so much (and of course my "black", Polynesian - shoutout to Tonga and Samoa - Mexican, Native, Arab and Persian friends and of course, my Koreans and fellow Asians from China, Taiwan, Japan, Mongolia, India, Tibet, Phillippines, Vietnam, and Laos and all those who come from a melting pot of cultures as well as those I never got around to asking about your background; I still remember your faces although I might have forgotten a few names). It is, in one sense, unfortunate that I had to go back and forth between Utah and Korea so often that it created breaks in our friendships and lost touch with so many as I've gone into this so called "adult life" - shit gets crazy busy.

I want you to know that I still remember you and that I do not hate “white people”. As a fellow US citizen, I am simply critical of the system and structures that you’ve inherited which just so happens to accommodate your skin color more than those who are not.

Just because the article doesn't say "white supremacy" doesn't mean that it doesn't advocate for it. Just because there's a person of color or a woman or an LGBTQ person or a Muslim on your team doesn't exempt the team from systematic discrimination.

People everywhere are going through hard times and, I agree, the current political economy and the establishment isn't helping.

Monday, November 14, 2016

Stuart Hall

"Hall, in particular, spends a lot of time in his 1983 lecture wrestling with the so-called “base and superstructure” problem, the notion (to be crude where crudeness is unpardonable) that all ideas and value systems are determined by economics. Hall’s position on this problem is an activist’s. The left’s dismissal of cultural expressions that do not serve the cause of equality as false consciousness is embarrassing, he suggests—or, worse, counterproductive: “I wonder how it is that all the people I know are absolutely convinced that they are not in false consciousness, but can tell at the drop of a hat that everybody else is.” From a pragmatic perspective, it should be assumed that all worldviews have some truth in them. This is the premise of his analysis of Thatcherism, which was careful not just to wag a finger at the working-class sentiments that helped enable the Iron Lady’s rise. It is also why he believed it was so critical to understand them. Thatcherism was not only authoritarian populism; it was a creative right-wing adaptation of the narratives working-class people told themselves about the decline of industrial labor in the late 1970s. Rather than caricature them, the left had to learn from working people—especially when what they’re saying isn’t politically correct. Again, culture could help lead the way to power."

Read full article here

Sunday, November 13, 2016

Give Trump a Chance? Racism is a distraction?

In the broader scheme of national and international political economies, the construct of race and racism are, to be sure, distractions. The growing trends of poverty and inequality have had an impact on people regardless of skin color. As a friend and colleague put it, "money knows no boundaries" – and race is certainly no exception. In this sense, the current neo-liberal trend and the return of explicit racial harassment in the US are very much aligned with an old political economic stratagem devised by American aristocrats (whether it was original to them, I don't know) that dates back, at least, to the 17th century. During that time, they created laws to forbid the fraternization of whites and blacks. In the 18th century, after declaring that whites were "superior", several previously denied benefits were provided to white servants. In the 19th century, segregation was mobilized to suppress a Populist movement against the aristocracy: divide the southern masses, placate the poor whites, and keep southern labor the cheapest. This was Jim Crow. In return for marginal material benefits and psychological gifts of superior status, the aristocracy gained the complicity of the poor white working masses and empowered them with a racialized nationalism along with bodies of color to fill their trees with strange fruit.

I used to dislike the phrase "white supremacy" and thought it was a bit exaggerated for the contemporary context. I knew about the prison-industrial complex that created the schools-to-prison pipeline when I became interested in the "war on drugs" and learned about the disproportionate number of black people on the TV show 'Cops' during the '80s and '90s. Even then, oddly I didn't think the term was apt. But after doing some further research for an article, there was more. Not only were there structural inequalities in mass incarceration and police brutality/killings but discriminatory practices existed in property rights and ownership, housing, employment, judicial sentencing practices, healthcare, predatory lending and foreclosures, as well as manipulations in immigration procedures to create "illegals". If a family is unlucky, the combined effect is a devastating recipe for sustained poverty and self-destruction. Even the electoral college was an institution created to help the ruling elite and protect the interest of slave-holders. Racism was, and continues to be, woven into the fabric of US society. Minorities have long tried to adapt to this system and while a great number of minorities have struggled and suffered at great lengths, there is no doubt that many have succeeded - my immigrant parents included. In other words, we've carved out a niche despite it. While “white supremacy” today may not be violent in the physical sense of daily life, it is systematically violent in a bureaucratic way. The new school aristocrats have managed to put a different color cap on it, called it “multicultural”, “color-blind”, and equal. We no longer see race but judge you on the content of your character; a gross misappropriation of Martin Luther King Jr. White privilege, in this sense, is equivalent to non-White degradation service with a smile.

With reports of racial and prejudicial outbursts and harassments popping up across the U.S. against minorities (ethnic, religious, and sexual) and the brazenly explicit signs of “Whites Only” or “White Power”, coupled with the noticeably absent President and President-elect to publicly say anything to curb this enthusiasm, is quite telling. Both have called for a time of “unity” but neither have bothered to publicly make any kind of statement, actively ignoring what is happening on the ground. Again, minorities receive confirmation that Trump (an alleged anti-establishment advocate) and the “establishment”, of which Obama and Clinton are a part, seem not to care. We’ve been delegated to the realm of social and political capital for political parties in their pursuit of votes; the currency of election year. Otherwise, we remain neglected, invisible, and inconsequential. Many are debating and discussing how Trump could have happened, blogs are filled with it, and political pundits as well as celebrities tell us to “give Trump a chance, he’s not even in office yet”. In earnest, the emboldened emergence of his enthusiasts make it difficult to gamble on him. To say this to minorities, gives off the smell of comfortable living; it must be nice to not be verbally or physically assaulted solely based on your looks, religion, or sexual orientation. To comfortably sit there asking us to give Trump* and his white enthusiasts a chance while minorities – who are no stranger to these harassments** - suffer insult and injury with increasing frequency and severity in a tone that rings of confederate entitlement is absurd. Students from elementary to University are experiencing harsher forms of bigotry. You can say that it’s just kids joking, and it may very well be, but that shit is infuriating and cultivates another generation of angry and depressed minorities. Asking us to give Trump a chance is asking us to endure the distraction of racism, that we remain fodder for the frustration of the disgruntled white, anti-immigrant, working class while the new age aristocracy try to figure out the next phase of ripping off America and expanding capitalist globalization.


*Fine, maybe he isn’t as bad as he made himself out to be and that it was a liberal media campaign of defamation. Let’s give him the benefit of the doubt. But if he doesn’t choose a cabinet with a track-record of truly looking out for “All Americans” - not just whites - and if he can’t keep his people – his enthusiastic following – in check, then I don’t see why any anti-Trump American should give him a chance. He’s already selected Mike Pence as VP; that’s not a comforting start and just as disconcerting if Trump were to be impeached and Pence became president. And you’d be right to say that no presidential candidate has been able to fulfil their promises once in office. In fact, they’ve all done worse. Democrats and Republicans.

** I know there might be minorities, like Lil Wayne, who say that they've never experienced any of it. Well, I’m happy for you, it must be nice. But it happens to me and millions of other minorities all too often. In fact, I’ve experienced racial harassment in every non-Asian country I've lived in from both liberals and conservatives. And yes, black and white working class South Africans are guilty of this too. Sadly enough, it’s all pretty similar in my experience. At this point, I only wish they were a bit more creative.